In nonluteinized human granulosa cells activin-A suppresses basal and FSH induced estradiol production 34 and induces follicle growth by a direct mitogenic
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The existence of four human ERβ splice isoforms in the ovary suggests their
In follicles, FSH stimulates GC proliferation and the production of steroid hormones
The proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) affect follicle development and reproductive disorders, with microRNAs playing a crucial regulatory
Ovarian granulosa cells differentiate into two distinct populations during follicular antrum formation, mural granulosa cells (MGCs), which line the follicular wall, and cumulus
Therefore, our data suggest that FSH and estradiol stimulate granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the levels of cyclin D2 relative to those of p27, thereby triggering a burst of proliferation that results in the development of large preovulatory follicles
They grow in the tissues around your ovaries
Owing to the avascular environment within ovarian follicles, granulosa cells (GCs) are believed to live in a hypoxic niche
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors are a form of sex-cord stromal tumors that account for 1%–2% of all ovarian tumors and can be of the juvenile or adult type []
FSH and LH are made and released from the anterior pituitary gland following stimulation from gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus
Background: Granulosa cells (GCs) proliferation and estradiol synthesis significantly affect follicular development
The characteristic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are anovulation, androgen excess, and polycystic ovary morphology
Interestingly, testosterone can be metabolized to estradiol and estrone by the action of aromatase in peripheral tissues, including adipose cells and bone ( Simpson et al
Methods: This is a two phase, single cohort study
Two different types of GCs, mural GCs and cumulus cells (CCs), serve different functions during folliculogenesis
One of the estrogen levels reaches a critical point and remains at that level for 2 days, and estrogen transitions from a negative feedback modulator of GnRH to a positive feedback modulator on
Estrogen stimulates proliferation of granulosa cells by increasing the cells responsiveness
Follicular Development and the Menstrual Cycle
Over these years, more and more sex cord-stromal tumors have been reported