However, most patients are routinely given 400 mg of HCQ daily (or 250 mg CQ)
0 mg/kg real weight, which correlates better with risk than ideal weight
Although no absolute safe dose was identified, the RCO recommends the daily dose of HCQ to be <5 mg/kg/day for <5 years as relatively safe for retinal toxicity
We recommend a maximum daily HCQ use of ≤5
This article forms a summary of the key components of the Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was previously considered rare since it was typically diagnosed at an advanced stage with symptoms of central visual loss and visible fundoscopic changes, such as “bull’s eye” maculopathy, characterized by loss of retinal
According to the recommendation by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the most significant major risk factors for CQ and HCQ retinal toxicity are high dose and long duration of use
Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Chloroquine is a medication used in the management and treatment of malaria and inflammatory diseases
Chloroquine retinopathy appears to follow a similar, but more rapid course when compared to hydroxychloroquine retinopathy
This is called an
How- ever, recommendations on dosage and criteria for judging risk have been revised
Although HCQ is one of the safest disease-modifying
If the maximum daily dosage recommendations are followed, the likelihood of toxicity from chloroquine Prevalence
The new age‐adjusted doses, with corresponding AUC values are reported in Table 1
5% was identified in patients taking HCQ for greater than 5 years, rising to almost 20% after 20 years of The risk increases further with continued use of the drug
Depending on the specific disease, patients may be treated with either a chronic maintenance or acute high-level dose of chloroquine
1-3 In 2011, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recommended an ideal body weight–based maximum daily dose for ophthalmic safety
The chloroquine dose for children should be calculated on their body weight (5 mg chloroquine base/kg/week) and must not exceed the adult dose